GSK-3alpha/Beta (Tyr-279/Tyr-216), phospho-specific (clone M132), anti-human, mouse, rat

Background:
Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) has been implicated in fundamental cell processes such as cell fate determination, metabolism, transcriptional control, and oncogenesis. Two GSK-3 genes (α and β) have been cloned in mammals and these kinase homologues show strong sequence conservation within their catalytic domain. GSK-3β plays a critical role in cell survival by phosphorylating nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65 subunit, leading to NF-κB transactivation in hepatocytes. Phosphorylation regulates the activity of both GSK-3 genes. MEK1/2 can phosphorylate tyrosine 216 (tyrosine 279 in GSK-3α), which stimulates GSK-3 kinase activity. Tyr-216 phosphorylation is required for GSK-mediated down-regulation of β-catenin activity. Also, TRAIL stimulation can increase Tyr-216 phosphorylation, and GSK-3β activity may suppress TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Inactiviation of GSK-3 occurs through Akt phosphorylation of serine 9 of GSK-3β (Serine 21 in GSK-3α). This phosphorylation may be involved in later phases of neuronal apoptosis.

Immunogen: Clone M132 was generated from a phospho-GSK-3β (Tyr-216) synthetic peptide (coupled to KLH) corresponding to amino acid residues around tyrosine 216 of human GSK-3β. This peptide sequence is also found in GSK-3α (Tyr-279) and is highly conserved in GSK-3 genes in rat and mouse.

Specificity: This mouse monoclonal antibody was purified with protein A chromatography. The antibody detects 46/50 kDa* proteins corresponding to the apparent molecular mass of GSK-3β and GSK-3α on SDS-PAGE immunoblots of pervanadate treated rabbit fibroblasts, as well as treated human SKN-SH and A431 cells.

Buffer/Storage:
Mouse monoclonal purified with protein A chromatography is supplied in 100µl phosphate-buffered saline, 50% glycerol, 1 mg/ml BSA, and 0.05% sodium azide. Store at –20°C. Stable for 1 year.